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ADHD
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¿ªÇÐ EpidemiologyÀ̶õ ƯÁ¤ ÁúȯÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´ÂÁö ´Ù·ç´Â Çй®À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÁÖÀǷ°áÇÌ °úÀ×ÇൿÀå¾Ö Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)´Â ¼Ò¾Æû¼Ò³â±â¿¡ ÈçÈ÷ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Á¤½Å°ú Áúȯ Áß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù.
¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ADHDÀÇ À¯º´·üÀº ´ëü·Î 3~8%·Î Á¶»çµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Æò±ÕÀûÀÎ ADHDÀÇ À¯º´·üÀº ¾à 5%·Î ÃßÁ¤µÈ´Ù. 2007³â Æú¶õÄ¢ ¹Ú»ç´Â 1978³âºÎÅÍ 2005³â±îÁö ADHDÀÇ ¿ªÇп¡ ´ëÇØ ½ÃÇàÇÑ ¿¬±¸ 303°³ Áß ¾ö°ÝÇÑ ±âÁØ¿¡ µû¶ó 102°³¸¦ ¼±Á¤ÇÏ¿© ADHDÀÇ À¯º´·üÀ» Á¶»çÇÏ¿´´Ù. Áö¿ªº°·Î À¯º´·üÀº ¾à°£¾¿ÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ º¸À̴µ¥, °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸°¡ ½ÃÇàµÈ ºÏ¹Ì¿Í À¯·´Àº °¢°¢ 6.2%¿Í 4.7%, È£ÁÖ´Â 4.6%, ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ´Â 3.7%, Áßµ¿Àº 2.3%·Î Á¶»çµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«´Â 8.6%, ³²¹Ì´Â 11.8%·Î Á¶»çµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª ½Å·Úµµ°¡ ´Ù¼Ò ¶³¾îÁ®¼­ ½ÇÁ¦ ADHDÀÇ À¯º´·üÀÌ ÀÌ Á¤µµÀÏÁö´Â ´Ù¼Ò Àǽɽº·´´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÌó·³ Áö¿ªº°·Î À¯º´·üÀÌ ´Ù¾çÇÏ°Ô ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â µ¥´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
1. Áø´Ü±âÁØÀ» Áö¿ª°ú ¹®È­º°·Î ´Ù¼Ò ´Ù¸£°Ô Çؼ®ÇÏ´Â °Í °°´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¡°Á¾Á¾ °úÁ¦¸¦ ÇÒ ¶§ Áö¼ÓÇؼ­ ÁÖÀÇÁýÁßÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¡±´Â ±âÁØ¿¡ ´ëÇØ, Á» Çã¿ëÀûÀÎ ¹®È­¿Í °¡Ä¡°üÀ» °¡Áø °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¡®±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù¡¯°í ´äÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹À» °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×·¯¸é À¯º´·üÀº ³·¾ÆÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
2. À¯º´·üÀ» Á¶»çÇϱâ À§ÇØ °£´ÜÇÑ Ã´µµ¸¸ ½ÃÇàÇß´ÂÁö, ÀÓ»ó°¡°¡ Á÷Á¢ ¸éÁ¢À» Çß´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ¿¡ µû¶ó À¯º´·üÀÌ ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ Áúȯµµ ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÌÁö¸¸ °£´ÜÇÑ Ã´µµ¸¸ ½ÃÇàÇÑ °æ¿ì À¯º´·üÀº ¸Å¿ì ³ô°Ô ³ª¿Â´Ù. ÀÌ·± °Ë»ç´Â ¼±º°°Ë»ç¶ó°í ºÎ¸£¸ç, º¸´Ù Á¤¹ÐÇÏ°í È®ÁøÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ °Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÒ ´ë»óÀÚ¸¦ ¼±Á¤ÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¼±º°°Ë»ç¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â À¯º´·üÀº ÁøÂ¥ À¯º´·üÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ½ÇÁ¦º¸´Ù ºÎÇ®·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
3. ¡°±â´ÉÀå¾Ö(functional impairment)¡± ±âÁØÀ» Àû¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì, À¯º´·üÀÌ ³ô°Ô ÃøÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ¿ø·¡ Á¤½ÅÁúȯÀ» Áø´ÜÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ Áø´Ü±âÁØÀÎ Á¤½ÅÁúȯÀÇ Áø´Ü ¹× Åë°èÆí¶÷(Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ÀÌÇÏ DSM)¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ¸ðµç Á¤½ÅÁúȯÀº ´ÜÁö Áõ»óÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í Áø´ÜÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Áõ»ó°ú ÇÔ²², ´ëÀΰü°è, ÇнÀ, Á÷¾÷ µî ±â´É¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¶§ ºñ·Î¼Ò Áø´ÜÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ±â´ÉÀå¾Ö ±âÁØÀ» Àû¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á 16.1%¿´´ø À¯º´·üÀÌ 6.8%·Î ³»·Á°¬´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
4. ¡°Áõ»óÀÌ 2°¡Áö ÀÌ»óÀÇ È¯°æ¿¡¼­ Á¸ÀçÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¡±´Â ±âÁØÀ» Àû¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì, À¯º´·üÀÌ ³ô°Ô ÃøÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ¿ø·¡ ADHD·Î È®ÁøµÇ±â À§Çؼ­´Â °¡Á¤, Çб³, Ä£±¸, ģô, Çпø µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ È¯°æ Áß 2°¡Áö ÀÌ»óÀÇ È¯°æ¿¡¼­ Áõ»óÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª¾ß Çϳª, ´ë±Ô¸ð ¿ªÇבּ¸¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ·± ºÎºÐÀ» Á¶»çÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í À¯º´·üÀÌ ³ª¿À´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
5. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î À¯º´·üÀº ¿ªÇÐÁ¶»ç¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ ´ë»óÀÚÀÇ Æ¯¼º¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ´ë»óÀÚÀÇ ¼ºº°°ú ³ªÀÌ°¡ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀΠƯ¼ºÀε¥, ¿ªÇÐÁ¶»çÀÇ ´ë»óÀÚ Áß ³²¾Æ°¡ ¸¹À» °æ¿ì À¯º´·üÀÌ ¿Ã¶ó°¡¸ç, ¿©¾Æ°¡ ¸¹À» °æ¿ì À¯º´·üÀº ¶³¾îÁø´Ù. ¶Ç ¾Æµ¿ÀÌ ¸¹À» °æ¿ì À¯º´·üÀÌ ¿Ã¶ó°¡¸ç, û¼Ò³âÀÌ ¸¹À» °æ¿ì À¯º´·üÀº ¶³¾îÁø´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î 2007³â ¼¼°è ADHD À¯º´·ü ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­µµ, ³²¾ÆÀÇ À¯º´·üÀº 10%, ¿©¾ÆÀÇ À¯º´·üÀº 4.5%·Î Á¶»çµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¾Æµ¿ÀÇ À¯º´·ü¸¸ »ìÆ캸¸é 6.5%, û¼Ò³âÀÇ À¯º´·üÀº 2.8%·Î °ÅÀÇ 2¹è¿¡ °¡±î¿î À¯º´·üÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ³ª´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡µµ, ´ëµµ½ÃÁö¿ªÀÎÁö ³óÃÌÁö¿ªÀÎÁö¿¡ µû¸¥ °ÅÁÖÁö¿ªÀÇ ¿µÇâ, »çȸ°æÁ¦Àû ¼öÁØÀÌ ³ôÀºÁö ³·ÀºÁö¿¡ µû¸¥ ¿µÇâ, µ¿¹ÝÁúȯÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç À̸¦ Åë°è¿¡ ¹Ý¿µÇß´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­µµ À¯º´·üÀº ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù. Áï ¾î¶² Ư¼ºÀÇ ´ë»óÀÚ°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾú´À³Ä¿¡ µû¶ó À¯º´·üÀÌ ²Ï ´Þ¶óÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

±¹³» ADHDÀÇ À¯º´·ü

±¹³»¿¡¼­ ADHD°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹ÀºÁö Á¶»çÇÑ ¹Ù¿¡ µû¸£¸é, 5.9~8.5% Á¤µµ·Î º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, °Ç°­º¸Çè°ø´Ü ÀڷḦ ÅëÇØ È®ÀεǴ ±¹³» ADHD Áø´Ü À¯º´·üÀº 0.8%¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â Áø´ÜµÉ ¼öÁØÀÇ ADHD ¾Æµ¿ Áß¿¡ Ä¡·á¹Þ´Â ¾Æµ¿ÀÌ 10% Á¤µµ¹Û¿¡ ¾È µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¼ºÀÎ ADHDÀÇ À¯º´·ü

³ª¶óº° ¼ºÀÎ ADHDÀÇ À¯º´·üÀ» »ìÆ캸¸é ½ºÆäÀÎ 1.2%, ·¹¹Ù³í 1.8%, ÄÝ·Òºñ¾Æ 1.9%, ¸ß½ÃÄÚ 1.9%, ¹Ì±¹ 2.5~4.4%, ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ 2.8%, º§±â¿¡ 4.1%, ÇÁ¶û½º 7.3% Á¤µµ(1.2~7.3%)·Î Á¶»çµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Æò±ÕÀûÀÎ ¼ºÀÎ ADHDÀÇ À¯º´·üÀº ´ë·« 3.4%·Î, ¾Æµ¿ ADHD À¯º´·üÀÇ ¹Ý Á¤µµ·Î Á¶»çµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±¹³»¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼ºÀÎ ADHD À¯º´·üÀº 1.1% Á¤µµ·Î Á¶»çµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

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2017-12-01